Pluralistic:监视定价能想到的最愚蠢的借口(2026年7月30日)
背景与摘要
本文探讨了“监视定价 (surveillance pricing)”的崛起。文章揭示了企业如何利用人工智能和数据经纪人收集的庞大档案,根据消费者的脆弱程度和支付意愿进行动态的价格欺诈。同时,文章聚焦加利福尼亚州的反监视定价法案(AB-2564),以及旧金山商会如何用站不住脚的借口阻挠该法案,作者强调,隐私是一项基本人权,应当立法保护消费者免受自动化的价格欺诈。
Executive Summary
这一期由 Cory Doctorow 撰写的 Pluralistic 探讨了监视定价 (surveillance pricing) 的崛起——这是一种利用 AI 和海量数据经纪人档案,根据消费者的脆弱程度和支付意愿对商品和服务进行动态定价的做法。以加利福尼亚州的反监视定价法案 (AB-2564) 以及旧金山因当地商会的施压而停滞对该法案的支持为焦点,Doctorow 剖析了企业是如何使用自动化价格欺诈的,揭穿了企业的借口,并强调隐私是一项基本人权。
This edition of Pluralistic by Cory Doctorow explores the rise of surveillance pricing—the practice of using AI and vast data-broker dossiers to dynamically price goods and services based on consumer vulnerability and willingness to pay. Focusing on California’s anti-surveillance pricing bill (AB-2564) and San Francisco’s stalled support for it due to pushback from the local Chamber of Commerce, Doctorow unpacks how businesses use automated price gouging, debunking corporate excuses and emphasizing that privacy is a fundamental human right.
Today's Links
The Stupidest Imaginable Excuses for Surveillance Pricing
有了“监视定价”,企业终于找到了一件 AI 能够做得比人好得多得多、得多的事情:价格欺诈。
With "surveillance pricing," businesses have finally found something AI can do way, way, way better than people: price gouging.
顾名思义,“监视定价”是基于大型科技公司和数据经纪人对世界上每个人收集的海量监控档案,在每笔交易中向每位客户收取不同价格的做法。国会自 1988 年以来就没有更新过联邦消费者隐私法,因此几乎任何形式的消费者监控都是公平的游戏。
As the name suggests, "surveillance pricing" is the practice of charging every customer a different price for every transaction, based on the massive surveillance dossiers that Big Tech companies and data brokers have assembled on everyone in the world. Congress hasn't updated federal consumer privacy law since 1988, so pretty much any form of consumer surveillance is fair game.
How AI Enables Multivariate Price Gouging
毫无争议,AI 非常适合进行多变量统计分析。您可以向 AI 馈送所有客户的行为数据(你去哪儿、做什么、买什么、和谁说话),并让它通过共同特征将他们分类。然后,你可以指示 AI 进行连续的小型实验,以发现每个群体能承受的最大加价。
AI is indisputably great for multivariate statistical analysis. You can feed an AI behavioral data (where you go, what you do, what you buy, who you talk to) about all of your customers and ask it to cluster them by shared traits. Then, you can direct the AI to run continuous small experiments to discover the maximum markup each group will stomach.
最关键的是,你甚至不需要将偏见编程到 AI 中;它会自动找到最脆弱的人群并最狠地敲诈他们。例如:
Crucially, you don't even have to program bias into the AI; it will automatically find the most vulnerable people and rip them off the most. For example: * 电子商务网站被发现当新生儿的父母在半夜订购温度计时向他们收取额外费用。 * Ecommerce sites have been caught charging parents of newborns extra when they order thermometers in the middle of the night. * Instacart 对特定购物者的商品加价高达三分之一。 * Instacart has marked up items for certain shoppers by as much as a third.
其目标是将所有的“消费者剩余”转移给企业——根据你需求的迫切程度来向你收费。
The goal is to shift all "consumer surplus" to corporations—charging you according to the desperation of your need.
The Legislative Battle: California's AB-2564
当购物者痛恨监视定价时,企业却在为此垂涎三尺。当达美航空宣布他们对飞机座位进行监视定价的计划时,他们面临着如此巨大的反对声浪,以至于他们迅速打了退堂鼓。
While shoppers hate surveillance pricing, corporations are slavering for it. When Delta announced plans to surveillance-price airline seats, they faced such massive backlash that they quickly backtracked.
虽然马里兰州通过了一项软弱无力且漏洞百出的法案,但加利福尼亚州实际上正在采取行动。AB-2564 是一项聪慧且起草精良的法案,它在禁止监视定价的同时,也为合法合理的差价原因(例如运费成本或标准的早鸟折扣)留出了豁免空间。
While Maryland passed a weak, loophole-ridden bill, California is actually doing something. AB-2564 is a smart, well-written bill that bans surveillance pricing while carving out legitimate reasons for price differences (such as delivery costs or standard early-bird discounts).
San Francisco and the Chamber of Commerce
为了通过州级法案,市政支持至关重要。旧金山市监事会本已处于通过一项支持 AB-2564 决议的边缘,直到旧金山商会插手,发表了一封提出虚假、误导性反对意见的信函。
To pass state-level bills, municipal support is vital. The San Francisco Board of Supervisors was on the verge of passing a resolution supporting AB-2564 until the San Francisco Chamber of Commerce stepped in with a letter raising spurious, misleading objections.
幸运的是,电子前哨基金会 (EFF) 在写给监事会的一封信中,拆穿了商会散布的 FUD(恐惧、不确定和怀疑)。EFF 澄清说:
Fortunately, the Electronic Frontier Foundation (EFF) dismantled the Chamber’s FUD (Fear, Uncertainty, and Doubt) in a letter to the Supervisors. The EFF clarified that: 1. 监视定价并不能降低价格;它是在掠夺弱势消费者。 1. Surveillance pricing does not lower prices; it preys on vulnerable consumers. 2. 隐私是一项人权,而不是保留给那些付得起额外费用来选择退出的富人的奢侈品。 2. Privacy is a human right, not a luxury reserved for those who can afford to pay extra to opt out. 3. 该法案包含明确的豁免条款,以保护标准的折扣做法(如老年人折扣或忠诚度计划)。 3. The bill contains clear carve-outs that protect standard discounting practices (like senior discounts or loyalty programs).
监视定价之所以令人反感,是因为它把一些人的美元当做只有另一些人一半价值来对待。旧金山政府——以及各地的立法者——应该挺身而出,反对装备了 AI 的价格欺诈者,并支持像 AB-2564 这样的保护措施。
Surveillance pricing is offensive because it treats some people's dollars as worth half as much as others. San Francisco’s government—and lawmakers everywhere—should stand up against AI-equipped price gougers and support protections like AB-2564.
Hey Look at This
Object Permanence (Retro Links)
- 25 年前: 混沌计算机俱乐部创始人 Wau Holland 逝世,愿他安息(存档)
- 25 years ago: RIP Wau Holland, founder of the Chaos Computer Club (Archive)
- 20 年前: Diebold 投票机被拨动开关攻破(存档)
- 20 years ago: Diebold voting machines beaten with a switch-flip (Archive)
- 20 年前: 窃贼如何偷走支持 RFID 的汽车(存档)
- 20 years ago: How thieves steal RFID-enabled cars (Archive)
- 15 年前: 伦敦官方反恐出版物针对无政府主义者(存档)
- 15 years ago: Official London anti-terrorist publication targets anarchists (Archive)
- 15 年前: 法国版权执法机构承认盗版者是正版内容的大手笔买家(Techdirt)
- 15 years ago: French copyright enforcers admit pirates are big spenders on legit content (Techdirt)
- 15 年前: KISSMetrics 永久 Cookie 跟踪争议(SSRN)
- 15 years ago: KISSMetrics perma-cookie tracking controversy (SSRN)
- 1 年前: 你无法对抗垃圾化(enshittification)(Pluralistic)
- 1 year ago: You can't fight enshittification (Pluralistic)
Upcoming Appearances
- 虚拟: 促成改变:机器为谁服务(8月12日)——链接
- Virtual: EFFecting Change: Who the Machine Serves (Aug 12) – Link
- 爱丁堡: 国际图书节,与吉米·威尔斯 (Jimmy Wales) 共同出席(8月17日)——链接
- Edinburgh: International Book Festival with Jimmy Wales (Aug 17) – Link
- 悉尼: 危险思想节(8月23-24日)——链接
- Sydney: The Festival of Dangerous Ideas (Aug 23–24) – Link
- 墨尔本: 惠勒中心的“垃圾化”探讨(8月25日)——链接
- Melbourne: Enshittification at the Wheeler Centre (Aug 25) – Link
- 布莱顿: 反向半人马的 AI 时代生活指南,与 Carole Cadwalladr 在布莱顿穹顶剧场共同出席(9月8日)——链接
- Brighton: The Reverse Centaur's Guide to Life After AI with Carole Cadwalladr, Brighton Dome (Sep 8) – Link
- 伦敦: 反向半人马的 AI 时代生活指南,与 Riley Quinn 在 Foyle's Piccadilly 共同出席(9月9日)——链接
- London: The Reverse Centaur's Guide to Life After AI with Riley Quinn, Foyle's Piccadilly (Sep 9) – Link
- 南本德: 圣母大学“与科利·多克托罗的晚间相聚”(10月6日)——链接
- South Bend: An Evening With Cory Doctorow, Notre Dame (Oct 6) – Link
Recent Appearances
- AI 与垃圾化时代(Jon Stewart 周播秀)
- AI 并非不可避免(Betakit)
- 与 Lina Khan 的对话(法律与经济学生网络)
- AI 会有生命吗?如果是,会发生什么?(BBC 新闻)
- Waarom jij straks het hulpje van AI bent (VPRO)
Latest Books
- 反向半人马的 AI 指南 (The Reverse-Centaur's Guide to AI) (Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2026年6月)
- The Reverse-Centaur's Guide to AI (Farrar, Straus and Giroux, June 2026)
- 恐怖谷 (Canny Valley) (自行出版的 Pluralistic 拼贴画合集, 2025年9月)
- Canny Valley (Self-published collection of Pluralistic collages, Sept 2025)
- 垃圾化:为什么一切都突然变糟以及如何应对 (Enshittification: Why Everything Suddenly Got Worse and What to Do About It) (FSG, 2025年10月)
- 镐与铲 (Picks and Shovels) (Tor Books / Head of Zeus, 2025年2月)
- Picks and Shovels (Tor Books / Head of Zeus, Feb 2025)
- 诈骗 (The Bezzle) (Tor Books / Head of Zeus, 2024年2月)
- The Bezzle (Tor Books / Head of Zeus, Feb 2024)
- 败局 (The Lost Cause) (Tor Books / Head of Zeus, 2023年11月)
- The Lost Cause (Tor Books / Head of Zeus, Nov 2023)
- 互联网骗局 (The Internet Con) (Verso, 2023年9月)
- The Internet Con (Verso, Sept 2023)
- 红队布鲁斯 (Red Team Blues) (Tor Books, 2023)
- Red Team Blues (Tor Books, 2023)
- 扼流圈资本主义 (Chokepoint Capitalism) (与 Rebecca Giblin 合著, Beacon Press / Scribe, 2022)
- Chokepoint Capitalism (with Rebecca Giblin, Beacon Press / Scribe, 2022)
Upcoming Books
- 后美国互联网 (The Post-American Internet) (Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2027)
- The Post-American Internet (Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2027)
- 未授权的面包 (Unauthorized Bread) (图像小说改编版, FirstSecond, 2027年4月20日)
- Unauthorized Bread (Graphic novel adaptation, FirstSecond, April 20, 2027)
- 垃圾化 (Enshittification) (图像小说, FirstSecond, 2027)
- Enshittification (The Graphic Novel, FirstSecond, 2027)
- Memex 方法 (The Memex Method) (Farrar, Straus, Giroux, 2027)
- The Memex Method (Farrar, Straus, Giroux, 2027)
Colophon
- 目前正在写: 《后美国互联网》(The Post-American Internet),这是 《垃圾化》(Enshittification) 的续作,讲述既然特朗普已经烧毁了美国,我们其余的人现在所能拥有的更美好的世界。(第四稿已完成;已提交给编辑)。
- Currently writing: The Post-American Internet, a sequel to Enshittification about the better world the rest of us get to have now that Trump has torched America. (Fourth draft completed; submitted to editor).
- 正在计划中: 一部关于 DIY 胰岛素的 《小老弟》(Little Brother) 短篇小说。
- Planning: A Little Brother short story about DIY insulin.
License & Access
- 许可协议: 除连载小说外,本作品采用知识共享署名 4.0 国际许可协议进行许可。
- License: Except for serialized fiction, this work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
- ISSN: 3066-764X
- ISSN: 3066-764X
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