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HMS-SCP:面向车路协同感知任务导向的多尺度语义通信

文章背景与核心概要

在车路协同(V2X)系统中,协同感知允许车辆与基础设施交换传感器数据,以克服视觉盲区和遮挡问题,这对于自动驾驶和行车安全至关重要。尽管与带宽效率较低的晚期融合(late fusion)相比,中间融合(intermediate fusion)在带宽和精度之间取得了最佳的平衡,但在密集城市环境中累积的高数据需求可能会压垮网络容量,从而威胁到对安全性要求极高的协同智能交通系统(C-ITS)功能。

为了应对这些挑战,本文介绍了 HMS-SCP(分层多尺度语义感知协同感知,Hierarchical Multi-Scale Semantic-Aware Cooperative Perception),这是一个专为面向任务的语义通信而设计的抗噪声且带宽高效的框架。HMS-SCP 没有依赖高维符号投影来增强鲁棒性,而是利用了跨多个尺度的结构化语义冗余。它利用空间重要性预测器来挑选任务相关的网格元素,并将其直接映射为复数符号,用于联合信源信道编码(JSCC)。该策略大幅降低了带宽消耗,防止了在极端瑞利衰落和压缩比下的性能退化,并在低于 \(16\text{ ms}\) 的延迟下保持了实时检测能力。


论文元数据 (Paper Metadata)

  • arXiv ID: arXiv:2608.14603 [cs.NI]
  • 作者 (Authors): Chun-Yeow Yeoh, Chee Keong Tan, Joanne Mun-Yee Lim, Heng-Siong Lim
  • 主学科 (Primary Subject): 网络与互联网架构 (cs.NI)
  • 次学科 (Secondary Subjects): 人工智能 (cs.AI)、计算机视觉与模式识别 (cs.CV)、信息论 (cs.IT)
  • 提交时间 (Submitted): 2026年7月3日 (v1);最后修订:2026年8月18日 (v2)
  • 状态 (Status): 已提交至 IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology (TVT)
  • 链接 (Links): 查看 PDF | HTML 版本 | DOI

摘要 (Abstract)

协同感知使车辆和基础设施能够通过车路协同(V2X)通信交换传感器数据,将感知范围扩展到遮挡区域之外并减少盲区。尽管这对于自动驾驶和安全性至关重要,但实际部署通常依赖于带宽效率较高的晚期融合。最近,中间融合已成为一种很有前景的方法,可实现最佳的带宽-精度权衡。然而,在密集的城市环境中,累积的带宽需求可能会压垮网络容量,从而可能危及对安全性至关重要的协同智能交通系统(C-ITS)功能。为了缓解这些问题,本文提出了分层多尺度语义感知协同感知(HMS-SCP),这是一个用于协同感知中面向任务的语义通信的稳健、抗噪且高效带宽的框架。HMS-SCP 采用空间重要性预测器来识别每个尺度下与任务相关的网格元素,然后将其直接映射为用于联合信源信道编码(JSCC)的复数符号。与依赖高维符号投影来增强鲁棒性的先前方法不同,HMS-SCP 利用跨多个尺度的结构化语义冗余来增强对信道噪声的抵抗力,同时保持极低的符号率。这种设计显著降低了带宽消耗,并缓解了高密度车辆环境中的网络拥塞。在模拟的 OPV2V 和真实世界的 DAIR-V2X 数据集上进行的广泛评估表明,HMS-SCP 有效防止了在严重瑞利衰落和极端压缩比下的性能崩溃,保持了高置信度的远距离检测,实时延迟低于 \(16\text{ ms}\),完全在动态 V2X 环境的安全关键阈值之内。

Cooperative perception enables vehicles and infrastructure to exchange sensor data via Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X) communication, extending sensing coverage beyond occlusions and mitigating blind spots. While critical for autonomous driving and safety, practical deployments often rely on bandwidth-efficient late fusion. Recently, intermediate fusion has emerged as a promising approach for an optimal bandwidth-accuracy trade-off. However, in dense urban environments, cumulative bandwidth demands can overwhelm network capacity, potentially compromising safety-critical Cooperative Intelligent Transport Systems (C-ITS) functions. To alleviate these problems, this paper proposes Hierarchical Multi-Scale Semantic-Aware Cooperative Perception (HMS-SCP), a robust noise-resilient and bandwidth-efficient framework for task-oriented semantic communication in cooperative perception. HMS-SCP employs a spatial importance predictor to identify task-relevant grid elements at each scale, which are then directly mapped into complex-valued symbols for Joint Source-Channel Coding (JSCC). Unlike prior methods that rely on high-dimensional symbol projections for robustness, HMS-SCP exploits structural semantic redundancy across multiple scales to enhance resilience against channel noise, while maintaining an ultra-low symbol rate. This design significantly reduces bandwidth consumption and mitigates network congestion in high-density vehicular environments. Extensive evaluations on the simulated OPV2V and real-world DAIR-V2X datasets demonstrate that HMS-SCP effectively prevents performance collapse under severe Rayleigh fading and extreme compression ratio, maintaining high-confidence far-field detection with a real-time latency of below \(16\text{ ms}\), well within the safety-critical thresholds for dynamic V2X environments.