CONTINUITY:面向可组合大模型智能体控制的安全上下文契约
文章背景与核心概要
随着大语言模型(LLM)智能体系统日益复杂,它们越来越多地集成了各种不同的安全机制——例如溯源追踪、授权引擎、策略强制监视器、协议适配器以及执行控制。然而,行业内存在一个关键的漏洞:各自独立的正确安全机制,不一定能组合成端到端安全的系统。当安全攸关的上下文跨越组件边界时,它们可能会被丢弃、放宽、重新绑定或误解。本文识别并形式化了这种失效模式,将其命名为安全上下文不连续性(security-context discontinuity),并推出了 CONTINUITY——一个旨在实现智能体安全控制可验证组合的全新框架。
CONTINUITY 通过使用假设-保证契约(assume-guarantee contract)对每个独立的系统组件进行建模,从而解决了安全上下文不连续的问题。它利用一套严密的密码学原语,在组件转换过程中维护经过身份验证的安全上下文,包括签名根授权、溯源承诺、绑定角色的转换回执等。评估结果表明,在包含 2,560 个参数化攻击实例的测试中,完整配置的 CONTINUITY 在攻击条件下实现了零有害外部副作用,同时在良性任务上保持了 100% 的成功率。
1. 执行摘要 (Executive Summary)
随着大语言模型(LLM)智能体系统日益复杂,它们越来越多地集成了各种不同的安全机制——例如溯源追踪、授权引擎、策略强制监视器、协议适配器以及执行控制。然而,行业内存在一个关键的漏洞:各自独立的正确安全机制,不一定能组合成端到端安全的系统。
As Large Language Model (LLM) agent systems grow more complex, they increasingly integrate disparate security mechanisms—such as provenance tracking, authorization engines, policy enforcement monitors, protocol adapters, and execution controls. However, a critical gap exists: individually correct security mechanisms do not necessarily compose into an end-to-end secure system.
当安全攸关的上下文跨越组件边界时,它们可能会被丢弃、放宽、重新绑定或误解。本文识别并形式化了这种失效模式,将其命名为安全上下文不连续性(security-context discontinuity),并推出了 CONTINUITY——一个旨在实现智能体安全控制可验证组合的全新框架。
When security-critical contexts cross component boundaries, they can be dropped, widened, rebound, or misinterpreted. This paper identifies and formalizes this failure mode as security-context discontinuity and introduces CONTINUITY, a novel framework designed to achieve verifiable composition of agent security controls.
2. 核心概念与架构 (Key Concepts & Architecture)
CONTINUITY 通过使用假设-保证契约(assume-guarantee contract)对每个独立的系统组件进行建模,从而解决了安全上下文不连续的问题。它利用一套严密的密码学原语,在组件转换过程中维护经过身份验证的安全上下文:
CONTINUITY addresses security-context discontinuity by modeling each individual system component with an assume-guarantee contract. It maintains authenticated security context across transitions utilizing a rigorous suite of primitives:
- 签名根授权(Signed Root Grants): 建立初始信任根。
- 溯源承诺(Provenance Commitments): 追踪数据和指令的起源与演变。
- 绑定角色的转换回执(Role-Bound Transition Receipts): 确保权限在交接过程中与智能体角色紧密耦合。
- 有界类型释放(Bounded Typed Releases): 在严格的类型约束下安全地降级或暴露数据。
- 转换见证(Transformation Witnesses): 密码学验证中间转换是否保留了安全不变量。
- 效果绑定的执行许可(Effect-Bound Execution Permits): 授予执行外部操作的精确且可撤销的权限。
- Signed Root Grants: Establishing initial trust roots.
- Provenance Commitments: Tracking the origin and evolution of data/instructions.
- Role-Bound Transition Receipts: Ensuring permissions are tightly coupled to agent roles during handoffs.
- Bounded Typed Releases: Safely downgrading or exposing data under strict type constraints.
- Transformation Witnesses: Cryptographically verifying that intermediate transformations preserve security invariants.
- Effect-Bound Execution Permits: Granting precise, revocable authority to execute external actions.
通过这些机制,该框架将端到端结果完整性(end-to-end consequence integrity)形式化,要求每一个已实现的外部效果都必须有有效且当前授权见证的支持,该见证需将主体、任务、溯源、委托、策略状态、规范动作以及终结边界紧密联系在一起。
Through these mechanisms, the framework formalizes end-to-end consequence integrity, requiring that every realized external effect is backed by a valid, current authorization witness linking the principal, task, provenance, delegation, policy state, canonical action, and finality boundary.
3. 评估与结果 (Evaluation & Results)
为了验证该框架,作者实现了一个参考验证器,以及一个确定性的跨层故障注入套件,涵盖了四个独特应用域中的 32 个不同故障类别。
To validate the framework, the authors implemented a reference verifier alongside a deterministic cross-layer fault-injection suite covering 32 distinct fault classes across four unique application domains.
- 测试规模(Test Scale): 评估跨越了 2,560 个参数化攻击实例,涵盖 128 个故障域类别。
- 良性性能(Benign Performance): 成功完成了 所有 700 个良性任务(100%),且没有中断合法操作。
- 模糊案例(Ambiguous Cases): 成功将 全部 200 个模糊案例 升级,交由人在回路(human-in-the-loop)或高级仲裁处理。
- 对抗韧性(Adversarial Resilience): 在攻击条件下,完整配置的 CONTINUITY 实现了 零有害外部副作用(zero harmful external effects)。
- Test Scale: Evaluated across 2,560 parameterized attack instances spanning 128 fault-domain classes.
- Benign Performance: Successfully completed 100% of all 700 benign tasks without interrupting legitimate operations.
- Ambiguous Cases: Successfully escalated all 200 ambiguous cases for human-in-the-loop or high-level arbitration.
- Adversarial Resilience: The full CONTINUITY configuration committed zero harmful external effects under attack conditions.
4. 结论 (Conclusions)
这项研究表明,确保 LLM 智能体执行的安全需要的不仅仅是健全的单独安全控制。它需要明确的、可验证的契约,在从指令到效果的整个路径中维护安全保证。
The research demonstrates that securing LLM agent execution requires more than sound individual security controls. It demands explicit, verifiable contracts that preserve security guarantees across the complete instruction-to-effect path.
有关更多详细信息,请参考 arXiv 上的完整论文,或在 GitHub 上探索代码工件仓库。
For further details, reference the full paper on arXiv or explore the code artifact repository on GitHub.